Copper C110 properties
Chemical composition
Section titled “Chemical composition”Alloy C110 (UNS C11000) has a minimum copper content of 99.9%, with silver counted as copper.
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Copper (Cu) + Silver (Ag) | 99.90 min. |
| Oxygen (O) | 0.02 – 0.04 (typical) |
| Total impurities | ≤ 0.05 |
Mechanical properties
Section titled “Mechanical properties”The mechanical properties of C110 copper vary significantly between annealed and cold-worked condition, with a tensile strength of up to 400 MPa in hard condition.
| Property | Annealed condition | Cold-drawn/cold-rolled condition |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 210 – 280 | 220 – 400 |
| Tensile strength (ksi) | 30 – 40 | 32 – 58 |
| Elongation in 50 mm (%) | 25 – 30 | 2 – 35 |
| Reduction of area (%) | 40 – 60 | 2 – 4 |
| Rockwell F hardness | ≤ 65 | 54 – 100 |
| Rockwell 30T hardness | ≤ 31 | 18 – 70 |
Physical properties
Section titled “Physical properties”The density of C110 copper in solid state is 8.9 g/cm³ (0.323 lb/in³).
| Property | SI Value | Imperial Value |
|---|---|---|
| Density at 20 °C | 8.9 g/cm³ | 0.323 lb/in³ |
| Melting point | 1083 °C | 1981 °F |
Thermal properties
Section titled “Thermal properties”The thermal conductivity of C110 reaches approximately 391 W/m·K at room temperature, making it suitable for heat exchangers.
| Property | SI Value | Imperial Value |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity at 20 °C | 391 W/(m·K) | 226 BTU/(h·ft·°F) |
| Specific heat | 385 J/(kg·K) | 0.092 BTU/(lb·°F) |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (20–100 °C) | 17.0 × 10⁻⁶ /°C | 9.4 × 10⁻⁶ /°F |
Electrical properties
Section titled “Electrical properties”The minimum required electrical conductivity for C110 is 100% IACS, although most commercial supplies exceed 101% IACS.
| Property | SI Value | Imperial Value |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical conductivity (% IACS) | 100 min. (typ. 101) | 100 min. (typ. 101) |
| Electrical resistivity at 20 °C | 1.724 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m | – |
Heat treatments and supply conditions
Section titled “Heat treatments and supply conditions”Annealing temperatures for C110 range between 400 and 700 °C, with rapid cooling to maintain ductility.
| Treatment | Typical range | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Annealing | 400 – 700 °C | Softening, restores ductility |
| Cold work (drawing, rolling) | – | Increases strength and hardness |
| Forging | 760 – 870 °C | Hot forming with excellent malleability |
The material is commonly supplied in annealed (O), half-hard (½ H), hard (H), and extra-hard (EH) tempers, defined by the degree of cold work.
Applications by industry
Section titled “Applications by industry”C110 copper is used in more than 30 industrial sectors; among them, electrical engineering, electronics, and construction stand out.
| Industry | Typical applications |
|---|---|
| Electrical engineering | Busbars, coaxial cables, electrical conductors, winding wires |
| Electronics / Telecom. | Waveguides, vacuum tube anodes, transistor components |
| Construction | Water and gas pipes, roofing, plumbing elements |
| Automotive | Radiators, heat exchangers, electrical connectors |
| Semiconductors / Vacuum | Glass-to-metal seals, ultra-high vacuum components, klystrons |
| General | Stamped parts, forged parts, rivets, gaskets, decorative elements |
Comparison with similar materials
Section titled “Comparison with similar materials”Compared to OFE copper (C10100, 99.99% Cu), C110 offers a minimum conductivity of 100% IACS, while OFE reaches a guaranteed 101% IACS and higher chemical purity.
| Material | Cu content | Conductivity (% IACS) | Typical oxygen | Primary use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C110 (ETP) | 99.90 % | 100 min. | 0.02 – 0.04 % | General electrical, construction |
| C10100 (OFE) | 99.99 % | 101 min. | ≤ 0.0005 % | High-purity electronics, vacuum |
| C10200 (OF) | 99.95 % | 100 min. | ≤ 0.001 % | Applications requiring controlled atmosphere |
| C12200 (DHP) | 99.9 % | 85% (typ.) | – (contains P) | Heat exchanger pipes, weldability |
International equivalents
Section titled “International equivalents”C11000 has more than 10 standard equivalents worldwide, including Cu-ETP according to EN 1652.
| Standard / Country | Designation |
|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | C11000 |
| EN (Europe) | Cu-ETP (CW004A) |
| JIS (Japan) | C1100 |
| BS (United Kingdom) | C101 |
| AFNOR (France) | CuA1 |
| GOST (Russia) | M1 |
| ISO | Cu-ETP |
| Federal (US) | QQ-B-650 |
| ASTM (relevant) | B224 (specific forms), B152, B187 |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Section titled “Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)”What is the minimum electrical conductivity of C110 copper?
Section titled “What is the minimum electrical conductivity of C110 copper?”The minimum electrical conductivity required by standard is 100% IACS, although in practice most batches exceed 101% IACS.
What elongation percentage does it have in annealed condition?
Section titled “What elongation percentage does it have in annealed condition?”In annealed condition, the elongation in 50 mm ranges between 25% and 30%.
What is the maximum Rockwell F hardness reached in hard condition?
Section titled “What is the maximum Rockwell F hardness reached in hard condition?”Cold-worked C110 copper can reach a Rockwell F hardness of up to 100 HRF.
At what temperature does this material melt?
Section titled “At what temperature does this material melt?”The melting point of C110 copper is approximately 1083 °C (1981 °F).
What minimum copper content does the specification guarantee?
Section titled “What minimum copper content does the specification guarantee?”The specification requires a minimum copper content (including silver) of 99.90%.
What is the density of C110 copper in imperial units?
Section titled “What is the density of C110 copper in imperial units?”The density is 0.323 pounds per cubic inch (0.323 lb/in³).
References
Section titled “References”- azom.com: https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8829
- engineeringtoolbox.com: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/copper-alloy-properties-d_355.html
- steelnumber.com: https://www.steelnumber.com/en/equivalent_alloy_eu.php?zname_id=11968